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01314f3aa12143bcbebd62ddb186a108
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Mass Shootings in the US
2022-02-15T16:10:45
2022-02-15T16:17:54
<p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black; font-weight:bold;'>How
do we define a "mass shooting"?</span></p><p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'><br />
</span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>The
United States has not one gun violence problem, but several. Everyday gun
violence claims or changes hundreds of lives each week, disproportionately
young Black and Latino men. In 2017 alone, the Centers for Disease Control
reported 14,542 homicides by discharge of firearms. About 106 of those deaths
were attributable to mass public shootings, according to our data—the highest
of any year recorded because of the Las Vegas shooting that claimed an
unprecedented 58 lives. The fact that mass shootings account for fewer than 1%
of all firearm homicides does not diminish their extraordinary tragedy—mass
shootings cause damage far beyond that which is measured in lives lost. It
merely highlights that mass shootings are focusing events. </span></p><p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'><br />
</span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>A
mass shooting is a variant on mass murder, but the more generic term lumps
together cases that vary along what researchers agree are important dimensions:
time, place, and method. Someone who kills their victims in separate events is
different from someone who kills them all at once. A person who kills in public
is different from a person who kills in private, especially when private
victims tend to be family or intimate partners; and different still from a
contract killer, bank robber, or gang member who kills in the commission of
another crime. And an arsonist or bomber is different from a shooter.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'><br />
</span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>There
is no universally accepted definition of a mass shooting. We follow the
Congressional Research Service definition, which is quite conservative: “a
multiple homicide incident in which four or more victims are murdered with
firearms—not including the offender(s)—within one event, and at least some of
the murders occurred in a public location or locations in close geographical
proximity (e.g., a workplace, school, restaurant, or other public settings),
and the murders are not attributable to any other underlying criminal activity
or commonplace circumstance (armed robbery, criminal competition, insurance
fraud, argument, or romantic triangle).”</span></p><p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'><br />
</span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>We
acknowledge the limits of this definition. Every mass casualty event is a
tragedy and many factors influence whether a threshold of four or more people
killed is reached, including the accuracy of the shooter, the type and caliber
of weapon used, the number of rounds fired, proximity to the nearest hospital,
and if/how many bullets hit vital organs. However, the number of deaths is the
strongest predictor of media coverage, which is necessary to accurately track
mass shootings.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'><br />
</span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>By
focusing only on public events, we exclude domestic mass shootings (only if 50%
or more of victims are non-relatives killed in public do we include them). We
also exclude mass shootings attributable to gangs, organized crime, or
underlying criminal activity (e.g.</span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>, a
robbery or drug deal gone bad)</span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>.
A broader definition with a threshold of fewer deaths, non-fatal shootings, or
any means or motive would certainly yield more cases. For examples, see The
AP/USATODAY/Northeastern University Mass Killing database, the CHDS K-12 School
Shooting Database, the Crime Prevention Research Center, Everytown for Gun
Safety, The Gun Violence Archive, Mother Jones, Stanford University,
Supplementary Homicide Reports (FBI), and The Washington Post.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'><br /></span></p><p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'><br /></span></p><p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'>
<span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>"The
Violence Project Mass Shooter Database" or "The Violence Project
Database of Mass Shooters"</span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in;'><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>Principal
Investigators: Jillian Peterson, Ph.D. (Hamline University) and James Densley,
Ph.D. (Metropolitan State University)</span></p>
<span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black; font-style:italic;'>Suggested
APA Citation:</span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>
Peterson, J., & Densley, J. (2021). </span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black; font-style:italic;'>The
Violence Project database of mass shootings in the United States, 1966–2020</span><span style='font-size:11pt; font-family:Arial; color:black;'>.
https://www.theviolenceproject.org</span>
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01314f3aa12143bcbebd62ddb186a108
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