2010 U.S. Census TIGER Roads

U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division 2010 2010 U.S. Census TIGER Roads 2010 vector digital data http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger The TIGER roads represent linear geography and related database files that are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB).This statewide layer was processed by MassGIS to combine the individual county-based TIGER line files, as the Census Bureau does not disseminate state-based versions. The initial merge of the county files were processed in a left -> right geographic order. Also, the merge process yielded 183 pairs of segments that shared the same unique ID (roads that exist along county borders). One duplicate was eliminated from each pair, so that should no longer be an issue. The data has also been projected from Geographic into Mass. Stateplane NAD83 Mainland meters. There are 580,162 unique segments in Massachusetts for 2010.Note: These features come from a subset of the “all lines” version of TIGER, not the “roads” version of TIGER, because the roads version from the Census Bureau has been dissolved around primary street name, losing the individual segments, and their address ranges are not maintained as attributes.Some of the native Census fields from these TIGER roads were deleted because they are irrelevant for the purposes of MassGIS. (I.E. the field that flagged if something was a water feature was useless since these were already determined to be roads) LTOWN, RTOWN, L_TOWNID, and R_TOWNID were added as fields and populated them via joins to Census polygon features that retain the equivalent of cities and towns. ("Manchester-by-the-sea" was modified to be "Manchester" so as to match the MassGIS town boundary layer). Be aware that these town names are not established from any sort of geographic identity; they are strictly as reported by the Census Bureau. However, the Census' incorporation of the MassGIS town boundary corrections from the 2009 BAS program updates shuold keep any discrepancies to a minimum. Left and Right 2010 Census block IDs (L_BLKID10, R_BLKID10) were also added to the segments, in case it’s possible to return them in the output of a geocoding operation. (Public health studies that use geocoding usually want to know what census geography an address belongs to.)MassGIS also distributes the following tables with additional information:CENSUS2010TIGERROADS_MTFCC - MAF/TIGER Feature Class Code (MTFCC) descriptionsCENSUS2010TIGERROADS_FN - feature names relationshipsCENSUS2010TIGERROADS_FNA - alternate feature names relationshipsCENSUS2010TIGERROADS_ADDR - address range relationships TIGER Roads for Massachusetts from the 2010 U.S. Census. This version is condiered DRAFT data Berkshire, MA, (25003) 201001 201007 publication date Complete TIGER/Line Shapefiles are extracted from the Census MAF/TIGER database. No changes or updates will be made to this version of the TIGER/Line Shapefiles. Future releases of TIGER/Line Shapefiles will reflect updates made to the Census MAF/TIGER database. -73.508142 -72.948753 42.74594 42.039861 ISO 19115 Topic Categories transportation inlandWaters boundaries None County or equivalent entity Linear Feature Address Range Street Centerline Road Feature Roads Hydrography INCITS.38-200x (R2004),INCITS.31-200x (R2007),INCITS.454-200x,INCITS 455-200x,INCITS 446-2008 United States U.S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts None The TIGER/Line Shapefile products are not copyrighted however TIGER/Line and Census TIGER are registered trademarks of the U.S. Census Bureau. These products are free to use in a product or publication, however acknowledgement must be given to the U.S. Census Bureau as the source. The horizontal spatial accuracy information present in these files is provided for the purposes of statistical analysis and census operations only. No warranty, expressed or implied is made with regard to the accuracy of the spatial accuracy, and no liability is assumed by the U.S. Government in general or the U.S. Census Bureau, specifically as to the spatial or attribute accuracy of the data. The TIGER/Line Shapefiles may not be suitable for high-precision measurement applications such as engineering problems, property transfers, or other uses that might require highly accurate measurements of the earth's surface.Coordinates in the TIGER/Line shapefiles have six implied decimal places, but the positional accuracy of these coordinates is not as great as the six decimal places suggest. Yes, the data are free from Title 13 restrictions U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, Geographic Products Branch Mailing address

4600 Silver Hill Road, Stop 7400

Washington DC 20233-7400 United States 301-763-1128 301-763-4710 geo.tiger@census.gov 8859part1 eng Accurate against Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS), FIPS Publication 6-4, and FIPS-55 at the 100% level for the codes and base names. The remaining attribute information has been examined but has not been fully tested for accuracy. There may be some inconsistencies in feature names along features. An anomaly exists with the sporadic occurrence of road segments comprising a complete chain with different MAF/TIGER Feature Census Class Code (MTFCC) values assigned. This problem could affect applications that use the MTFCC values for network analysis, routing, or for assigning symbology to a feature when creating a map. The Census Bureau performed automated tests to ensure logical consistency and limits of shapefiles. Node/geometry and topology relationships are collected or generated to satisfy topological edit requirements. These requirements include: (1) Complete chains must begin and end at nodes. (2) Complete chains must connect to each other at nodes. (3) Complete chains do not extend through nodes. (4) Left and right polygons are defined for each complete chain element and are consistent throughout the extract process. (5) The chains representing the limits of the files are free of gaps. Data completeness of the TIGER/Line Shapefiles reflects the contents of the Census MAF/TIGER database at the time the TIGER/Line Shapefiles were created. The Census Bureau uses Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates at road centerline intersections to evaluate the horizontal spatial accuracy of source files that may be used to realign road features in the MAF/TIGER database and test the horizontal spatial accuracy of the road features in the TIGER/Line Shapefiles. The test compares a survey-grade GPS coordinate to its associated road centerline intersection in the TIGER/Line Shapefiles. The test is based on an independent collection of GPS coordinates for a random sample of road intersections from a centerline file that meet certain criteria. The points are referred to as the sample points and are gathered through a private contractor working for the Census Bureau. Since the collection method uses survey-quality GPS-based field techniques, the resulting control points are considered 'ground truth' against which the TIGER road centerline intersection coordinates are compared. The distances between the coordinates are calculated and the Census Bureau determines the Circular Error 95% (CE95). That is, the accuracy of the file in meters with 95% confidence. The CE95 can be calculated from the mean and standard deviation by using the formula: mean of differences plus (2.65 times the standard deviation). CE95 results reported for each file tested are determined using a spreadsheet with embedded statistical formula. The use and applicability of the spreadsheet and its embedded formula have been verified by Census Bureau statisticians. The basis of the calculation is the use of the root mean square error (RMSE). This is the method as stated in the U.S. Government's Federal Geographic Data Committee Standard FGDC-STD-007.3-1998, Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards. Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy. The results of using this measure of accuracy are in compliance with Federal Spatial Data requirements. In terms of the Census Bureau application, the dataset coordinate values are those taken from the centerline file and the coordinate values from an independent source of higher accuracy are those acquired through the Census Bureau's contractor. Please note that the horizontal spatial accuracy, where reported, refers only to the realigned road features identified as matched to the positionally accurate source file with that accuracy. It is not the spatial accuracy of the TIGER/Line Shapefile as a whole. 5.22 meters for 2753 The Census Bureau uses root mean square error (RMSE) as stated in the FGDC-STD-007. 3-1998, Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards, Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy. 3.54 meters for 2754 The Census Bureau uses root mean square error (RMSE) as stated in the FGDC-STD-007. 3-1998, Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards, Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy. 5.91 meters for 2747 The Census Bureau uses root mean square error (RMSE) as stated in the FGDC-STD-007. 3-1998, Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards, Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy. 4.47 meters for 2752 The Census Bureau uses root mean square error (RMSE) as stated in the FGDC-STD-007. 3-1998, Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards, Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy. U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division Unpublished material Census MAF/TIGER database online 201001 201007 publication date MAF/TIGER The selected geographic and cartographic information (line segments) are derived from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) database. 2747 Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation 20010101 roads.shp CD-ROM 20010101 20010101 Publication Date None Coordinates to realign selected road features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 2752 Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation 20010101 roads.shp CD-ROM 20010101 20010101 Publication Date None Coordinates to realign selected road features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 2753 Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation 20010101 roads.shp CD-ROM 20010101 20010101 Publication Date None Coordinates to realign selected road features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 2754 Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation 20010101 roads.shp CD-ROM 20010101 20010101 Publication Date None Coordinates to realign selected road features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 3790 United States Geological Survey National Mapping Division 20020101 USGS- DOQ and DOQQ CD-ROM 20020101 20020101 20020101 None Coordinates to realign selected road features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 3791 USGS - National Hydrography Dataset Coordination and Requirements (C&R) Unknown National Hydrography Dataset - High Res. Internet Download Unknown Unknown Unknown None Coordinates to realign selected hydrographic features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 4007 United States Geological Survey National Mapping Division 20020101 USGS- DOQ and DOQQ CD-ROM 20020101 20020101 20020101 None Coordinates to realign selected road features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 4008 USGS - National Hydrography Dataset Coordination and Requirements (C&R) Unknown National Hydrography Dataset - High Res. Internet Download Unknown Unknown Unknown None Coordinates to realign selected hydrographic features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 4035 USGS - National Hydrography Dataset Coordination and Requirements (C&R) Unknown National Hydrography Dataset - High Res. Internet Download Unknown Unknown Unknown None Coordinates to realign selected hydrographic features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 4141 USGS - National Hydrography Dataset Coordination and Requirements (C&R) Unknown National Hydrography Dataset - High Res. Internet Download Unknown Unknown Unknown None Coordinates to realign selected hydrographic features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 7190 Census Bureau - Geography Division US Census Bureau - Geo Div - LFGPB Unknown 2010 ADCAN GPS Feature Updates Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown None Coordinates to realign selected road features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. 7191 Census Bureau - Geography Division US Census Bureau - Geo Div - LFGPB Unknown 2010 ADCAN Manual Feature Updates Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown None Coordinates to realign selected road features in the Census MAF/TIGER database. TIGER/Line Shapefiles are extracted from the Census MAF/TIGER database by nation, state, county, and entity. Census MAF/TIGER data for all of the aforementioned geographic entities are then distributed among the shapefiles each containing attributes for line, polygon, or landmark geographic data. withheld 2010 Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS), ANSI, and feature names. Vector Simple 3 FALSE 580162 TRUE FALSE North American Datum of 1983 in the 48 contiguous states, the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the Pacific Island Areas. Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137 298257 Massachusetts Mainland (FIPSZONE 2001) CENSUS2010TIGERROADS_ARC Current All Lines County-based U.S. Census Bureau Feature Class 580162 FID FID OID 4 0 0 Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Shape Geometry 0 0 0 Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. STATEFP Current state Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) code U.S. Census Bureau INCITS.38-200x (R2004), Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Insular Areas of the United States (Formerly FIPS 5-2) U.S. Census Bureau STATEFP String 2 0 0 COUNTYFP Current county Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) code U.S. Census Bureau INCITS.31-200x (R2007), Codes for the Identification of the Counties and Equivalent Areas of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Insular Areas of the United States (Formerly FIPS 6-4) U.S. Census Bureau COUNTYFP String 3 0 0 TLID Permanent edge ID U.S. Census Bureau 100001 9999999999 TLID Double 19 18 8 TFIDL Permanent face ID on the left of the edge U.S. Census Bureau data are unavailable TFIDL Double 19 18 8 TFIDR Permanent face ID on the right of the edge U.S. Census Bureau data are unavailable TFIDR Double 19 18 8 MTFCC MAF/TIGER feature class code of the primary feature for the edge U.S. Census Bureau C3023 Island U.S. Census Bureau C3024 Levee U.S. Census Bureau C3027 Dam U.S. Census Bureau H1100 Connector U.S. Census Bureau H3010 Stream/River U.S. Census Bureau H3013 Braided Stream U.S. Census Bureau H3020 Canal, Ditch or Aqueduct U.S. Census Bureau K2432 Pier/Dock U.S. Census Bureau K2451 Airport or Airfield U.S. Census Bureau K2459 Runway/Taxiway U.S. Census Bureau L4010 Pipeline U.S. Census Bureau L4020 Powerline U.S. Census Bureau L4031 Aerial Tramway/Ski Lift U.S. Census Bureau L4040 Conveyor U.S. Census Bureau L4110 Fence Line U.S. Census Bureau L4121 Ridge Line U.S. Census Bureau L4125 Cliff/Escarpment U.S. Census Bureau L4130 Point-to-Point Line U.S. Census Bureau L4140 Property/Parcel Line (Including PLSS) U.S. Census Bureau L4165 Ferry Crossing U.S. Census Bureau P0001 Nonvisible Linear Legal/Statistical Boundary U.S. Census Bureau P0002 Perennial Shoreline U.S. Census Bureau P0003 Intermittent Shoreline U.S. Census Bureau P0004 Other non-visible bounding Edge (e.g., Census water boundary, boundary of an areal feature) U.S. Census Bureau R1011 Railroad Feature (Main, Spur, or Yard) U.S. Census Bureau R1051 Carline, Streetcar Track, Monorail, Other Mass Transit Rail) U.S. Census Bureau R1052 Cog Rail Line, Incline Rail Line, Tram U.S. Census Bureau S1100 Primary Road U.S. Census Bureau S1200 Secondary Road U.S. Census Bureau S1400 Local Neighborhood Road, Rural Road, City Street U.S. Census Bureau S1500 Vehicular Trail (4WD) U.S. Census Bureau S1630 Ramp U.S. Census Bureau S1640 Service Drive usually along a limited access highway U.S. Census Bureau S1710 Walkway/Pedestrian Trail U.S. Census Bureau S1720 Stairway U.S. Census Bureau S1730 Alley U.S. Census Bureau S1740 Private Road for service vehicles (logging, oil, fields, ranches, etc.) U.S. Census Bureau S1750 Private Driveway U.S. Census Bureau S1780 Parking Lot Road U.S. Census Bureau S1820 Bike Path or Trail U.S. Census Bureau S1830 Bridle Path U.S. Census Bureau MTFCC String 5 0 0 FULLNAME Primary street name - Concatenation of expanded text for prefix qualifier, prefix direction, prefix type, base name, suffix type, suffix direction, and suffix qualifier (as available) with a space between each expanded text field U.S. Census Bureau data are unavailable FULLNAME String 100 0 0 SMID Spatial metadata identifier and is only used to determine the horizontal accuracy of a given segment. It requires a lookup table not made available with this set of data. U.S. Census Bureau 1 Spatial MID is positive, non-zero number U.S. Census Bureau SMID String 22 0 0 LFROMADD From house number associated with the most inclusive address range on the left side of the edge U.S. Census Bureau data are unavailable LFROMADD String 12 0 0 LTOADD To house number associated with the most inclusive address range on the left side of the edge U.S. Census Bureau data are unavailable LTOADD String 12 0 0 RFROMADD From house number associated with the most inclusive address range on the right side of the edge U.S. Census Bureau data are unavailable RFROMADD String 12 0 0 RTOADD To house number associated with the most inclusive address range on the right side of the edge U.S. Census Bureau data are unavailable RTOADD String 12 0 0 ZIPL ZIP code associated with the most inclusive address range on the left side U.S. Census Bureau 00500 99999 ZIPL String 5 0 0 ZIPR ZIP code associated with the most inclusive address range on the right side U.S. Census Bureau 00500 99999 ZIPR String 5 0 0 DIVROAD Divided road flag that specifies if a road is divided (“Y”) or not (“N”) U.S. Census Bureau N Not separated U.S. Census Bureau Y Separated U.S. Census Bureau DIVROAD String 1 0 0 TNIDF From TIGER node identifier U.S. Census Bureau data are unavailable data are unavailable TNIDF Double 19 18 8 L_BLKID10 L_BLKID10 String 15 0 0 Left Block ID R_BLKID10 R_BLKID10 String 15 0 0 Right Block ID LTOWN LTOWN String 25 0 0 Town on the left side of the road RTOWN RTOWN String 25 0 0 Town on the right side of the road L_TOWNID L_TOWNID Integer 5 5 0 Numeric identifier of the town on the left side of the road R_TOWNID R_TOWNID Integer 5 5 0 Numeric identifier of the town on the right side of the road TNIDT To TIGER node identifier U.S. Census Bureau data are unavailable data are unavailable TNIDT Double 19 18 8 SHAPE_LEN SHAPE_LEN Double 19 0 0 U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, Geographic Products Branch Mailing address

4600 Silver Hill Road, Stop 7400

Washington DC 20233-7400 United States 301-763-1128 301-763-4710 geo.tiger@census.gov No warranty, expressed or implied is made with regard to the accuracy of these data, and no liability is assumed by the U.S. Government in general or the U.S. Census Bureau in specific as to the spatial or attribute accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. government in the use of these files. The boundary information in the TIGER/Line Shapefiles is for statistical data collection and tabulation purposes only; their depiction and designation for statistical purposes do not constitute a determination of jurisdictional authority or rights of ownership or entitlement and they are not legal land descriptions. TGRSHP (compressed) PK-ZIP, version 1.93 A or higher http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger DVD-ROM (Only if offered offline) ISO 9660 The online copy of the TIGER/Line files may be accessed without charge. To obtain more information about ordering TIGER/Line shapefiles visit http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger The TIGER/Line shapefiles contain geographic data only and do not include display mapping software or statistical data. For information on how to use the TIGER/Line shapefile data with specific software package users shall contact the company that produced the software. 20100507 U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, Geographic Products Branch Mailing address

4600 Silver Hill Road, Stop 7400

Washington DC 20233-7400 United States 301-763-1128 301-763-4710 geo.tiger@census.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 8859part1 tl_2010_25003_edges.shp.xml eng 20110201 11432100 1.0 FALSE CENSUS2010TIGERROADS_ARC 002 34857.254300 330774.197900 777672.511800 959723.378300 1 83.010 Projected GCS_North_American_1983 <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/10.0'><WKT>PROJCS["NAD_1983_StatePlane_Massachusetts_Mainland_FIPS_2001",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["D_North_American_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Lambert_Conformal_Conic"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",200000.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",750000.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-71.5],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",41.71666666666667],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",42.68333333333333],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",41.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",26986]]</WKT><XOrigin>-36530900</XOrigin><YOrigin>-28803200</YOrigin><XYScale>122610652.81195112</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.001</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>26986</WKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> NAD_1983_StatePlane_Massachusetts_Mainland_FIPS_2001 20110613 17153900 20110613 17153900 FGDC ESRI ArcGIS 10.0.2.3200 2010 U.S. Census TIGER Roads 002 -73.521158 -69.899362 42.888135 41.231972 1 TIGER Roads for Massachusetts from the 2010 U.S. Census. This version is condiered DRAFT data <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV>The TIGER roads represent linear geography and related database files that are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB).This statewide layer was processed by MassGIS to combine the individual county-based TIGER line files, as the Census Bureau does not disseminate state-based versions. The initial merge of the county files were processed in a left -> right geographic order. Also, the merge process yielded 183 pairs of segments that shared the same unique ID (roads that exist along county borders). One duplicate was eliminated from each pair, so that should no longer be an issue. The data has also been projected from Geographic into Mass. Stateplane NAD83 Mainland meters. There are 580,162 unique segments in Massachusetts for 2010.Note: These features come from a subset of the “all lines” version of TIGER, not the “roads” version of TIGER, because the roads version from the Census Bureau has been dissolved around primary street name, losing the individual segments, and their address ranges are not maintained as attributes.Some of the native Census fields from these TIGER roads were deleted because they are irrelevant for the purposes of MassGIS. (I.E. the field that flagged if something was a water feature was useless since these were already determined to be roads) LTOWN, RTOWN, L_TOWNID, and R_TOWNID were added as fields and populated them via joins to Census polygon features that retain the equivalent of cities and towns. ("Manchester-by-the-sea" was modified to be "Manchester" so as to match the MassGIS town boundary layer). Be aware that these town names are not established from any sort of geographic identity; they are strictly as reported by the Census Bureau. However, the Census' incorporation of the MassGIS town boundary corrections from the 2009 BAS program updates shuold keep any discrepancies to a minimum. Left and Right 2010 Census block IDs (L_BLKID10, R_BLKID10) were also added to the segments, in case it’s possible to return them in the output of a geocoding operation. (Public health studies that use geocoding usually want to know what census geography an address belongs to.)MassGIS also distributes the following tables with additional information:<UL><LI>CENSUS2010TIGERROADS_MTFCC - MAF/TIGER Feature Class Code (MTFCC) descriptions</LI><LI>CENSUS2010TIGERROADS_FN - feature names relationships</LI><LI>CENSUS2010TIGERROADS_FNA - alternate feature names relationships</LI><LI>CENSUS2010TIGERROADS_ADDR - address range relationships</LI></UL></DIV></DIV></DIV> U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, Geographic Products Branch. MassGIS - Commonwealth of Massachusetts Office of Geographic Information. tiger roads The TIGER/Line Shapefile products are not copyrighted however TIGER/Line and Census TIGER are registered trademarks of the U.S. Census Bureau. These products are free to use in a product or publication, however acknowledgement must be given to the U.S. Census Bureau as the source. The horizontal spatial accuracy information present in these files is provided for the purposes of statistical analysis and census operations only. No warranty, expressed or implied is made with regard to the accuracy of the spatial accuracy, and no liability is assumed by the U.S. Government in general or the U.S. Census Bureau, specifically as to the spatial or attribute accuracy of the data. The TIGER/Line Shapefiles may not be suitable for high-precision measurement applications such as engineering problems, property transfers, or other uses that might require highly accurate measurements of the earth's surface.Coordinates in the TIGER/Line shapefiles have six implied decimal places, but the positional accuracy of these coordinates is not as great as the six decimal places suggest. 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