20260525 19561700 1.0 FALSE AK_Native_Combined_pts 002 -2169025.874000 5480229.536100 -791800.195700 4288949.338600 1 https://www.arcgis.com/sharing/rest/content/items/4a6c1c0766c04dc7b286ad08777ca5da/info/thumbnail/ago_downloaded.png Projected GCS_North_American_1983 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) NAD_1983_Alaska_Albers <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/10.8'><WKT>PROJCS["NAD_1983_Alaska_Albers",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["D_North_American_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Albers"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-154.0],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",55.0],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",65.0],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",50.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",3338]]</WKT><XOrigin>-13752200</XOrigin><YOrigin>-8948200</YOrigin><XYScale>10000</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.001</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>102006</WKID><LatestWKID>3338</LatestWKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> 20240410 20474100 20251118 4115100 150000000 5000 ItemDescription Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.9.1.28388 Alaskan Native Place Names 1 -180.0 180.0 90.0 21.05916 0.000000 0.000000 DenePlacenamesPlace NamesAlaskaCanada The locations, traditional indigenous names, and literal English translations for place names in the various recognized Alaska Native languages of Alaska, with an important subsample of traditional names from northwestern Canada. <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>The Alaska Native linguistic database has been compiled by Dr. Gerad Smith primarily from the work of James Kari, but also incorporating other research as well. The record is displayed as a point feature class; it includes the Dene spelling, glossary identification, the basic English translation, and a unique sequence number identifier. This template is used for all languages depicted here. Place names often have a described area associated with them, conveyed within the glossary section for each name; Gerad Smith has undertaken the task of identifying named waterbodies, in order to facilitate mapping and GIS-based place name research.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>This list of indigenous place names and locations was primarily compiled by Dr. James Kari, building on decades of research. The information draws on numerous first hand interviews with fluent native speakers of the Native languages. These speakers draw on a large body of indigenous geographic knowledge which has been passed down through centuries. The names list is designed to accompany the published place names lists.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Any use of traditional place names should only occur with direct consultation and permission of descendant communities. Additionally, orthographies (conventional spellings) may be updated from time to time, and consultation with language experts should occur to ensure accurate spelling and use.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN /><SPAN>Permission to use this map for non-commercial, educational purposes is granted under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. Do not cite or re-publish without the author's written permission. The compilers request that any amendments or additions made to this list be transmitted back to the Alaska Native Language Center so the most up-to-date and complete records of place names can be maintained.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Under the provisions of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act and the National Historic Preservation Act, site location information is privileged and restricted. Note that sites containing human remains are also protected under the federal Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and AS 11.46.482 (a) (3). Cultural resource data are not to be distributed unless authorized by Alaska Office of History and Archaeology official and/or are Registered Professional Archaeologists or Cultural Resources Professionals who meet the Secretary of Interior Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation (48 FR 44716 as amended). Data is "Restricted-Not for Public Distribution".</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV> Smith, Gerad. 2020. Historical Linguistic and Ethno-Geographic Perspectives of the Alaskan Dene. In Ethnoarchaeology of the Middle Tanana Valley, Alaska. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks. Created by Gerad Smith from the following sources: Anderson, Douglas B., Wanni W. Anderson, Ray Bane, Richard K. Nelson, and Nita Sheldon Towarak. [1977] 1998. Kuuvaŋmiut Subsistence: Traditional Eskimo Life in the Latter Twentieth Century. US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, DC. Andrews, Elizabeth F. 1977. Report on the Cultural Resources of the Doyon Region of Central Alaska. Occasional Paper No. 5. Cooperative Parks Study Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Anonymous. 1974. Apache Indians VII; Jicarilla Apache Tribe: Historical Materials 1540-1887. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. Auld, James, and Robert Kershaw. 2005. The Sahtu Atlas. Fiesens. Basehart, Harry W. 1960 [1974]. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization: Commission Findings on the Apache. In Apache indians XII, edited by David Agee Horr. Garland Publishing Inc., New York and London. Basso, Kieth. 1996. Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Baumhoff, Martin A. 1958. California Athabascan Groups. University of California Publications, Anthropological Records. Berkeley. Berge, Anna. n.d. Sugpiat Placenames: Aleut Substrate. Unpublished manuscript. Bergsland, Knut. 1994. Aleut Dictionary: Unangam Tunudgusii. An unabridged lexicon of the Aleutian, Priblof, and Commander Islands Aleut language. Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks. Boas, Franz. 1895. Fifth Report on the Indians of British Columbia. Report of the 65th Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 522-592. Burch, Ernest, 1994. The Cultural and Natural Heritage of Northwest Alaska. Volume V: The Inupiaq Nations of Northwest Alaska. NANA Museum of the Arctic. Kotzebue. Burch, Ernest, 1998. The Inupiaq Eskimo Nations of Northwest Alaska. University of Alaska Press; 1st edition. Burch, Ernest, 2006. The Social Life in Northwest Alaska: The Structure of Inupiaq Eskimo Nations. University of Alaska Press; 1st edition. Calista Education and Culture. n.d. Yup'ik Environmental Knowledge Project Atlas. ELOKA. http://eloka-arctic.org/communities/yupik/atlas/index.html Canadian Geographic Names Board (CGNB). 2017 Place Names of the Yukon Territory. Shapefile downloaded from Canadian Geographic Names Board. Cannon, Chris. 2020. Northern Dene Astronomical and Sky-Related Knowledge: A Comparative Anthropological Study. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Caulfield, Richard, Walter Peter, and Clarence Alexander. 1983. Gwich'in Athabaskan Place Names of the Upper Yukon-Porcupine Region, Alaska (ADF&G Technical Paper no. 83). Fairbanks. Clark, Donald, and Anne McFadyen Clark.1993. Batza Tena: Trail to Obsidian. Archaeological Survey of Canada Mercury Series Paper 147. Canadian Museum of Civilization, Ottawa. de Laguna, Frederica. 1947. The Prehistory of Northern North America as Seen From the Yukon. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology No. 3. Menasha, Wisconsin: Society for American Archaeology. de Laguna, Frederica and Dale DeArmond. 1995. Tales From the Dena: Indian Stories from the Tanana, Koyukuk, and Yukon Rivers. University of Washington Press. Easton, Norman A. 2001. Getting to Know the Neighbourhood: Upper Tanana Place Names and Navigation in the Scottie Creek Valley of the Yukon-Alaska Borderlands. Alaska Native Language Archives. Fairbanks. Easton, Norman A. 2008. Upper Tanana Place Names Database, Villages, Camps, Mountains, Lakes, & Streams. Yukon College. Whitehorse. ERM Rescan. 2014. Brucejack Gold Mine Project: Tsetsaut/Skii km Lax Ha Nation Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Use Report. Prepared for Pretium Resources Inc. by ERM Rescan: Vancouver, British Columbia. Evanoff, Karen E. 2010. Dena'ina Ełnena, A Celebration. National Park Service. Anchorage. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). 2017 Geographic Names Information System. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/geographic-names-information-system-gnis-national-geospatial-dataasset-ngda-geographic-names- Gilbert, Matt (editor). Gwich'in Athabascan Ancient and Modern Landuse Mapbook Series: Arctic Village, Venetie, Fort Yukon, Chalkyitsik, Birch Creek, and Beaver. Gudgel-Holmes, Dianne, 1991. Native Placenames of the Kantishna Drainage, Alaska: Kantishna Oral History Project. Report prepared for the National Park Service. Healy. Guédon, Marie-Françoise. 1974. People of Tetlin, Why are you singing? Mercury Series Paper No. 9. National Museum of Man, Ethnology Division, Ottawa, Ontario. Guédon, Marie-Françoise. 1981. Upper Tanana River Potlatch. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 6: Subarctic, edited by June Helm, pp. 577-581. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Hadleigh West, Frederick. 1963. The Netsi Kutchin: An Essay in Human Ecology. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge. Hanks, Christopher C. 1997. Ancient Knowledge of Ancient Sites: Tracing Dene Identity from the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. In At a Crossroads: Archaeology and First Peoples in Canada. Edited by George Nicholas and Tom Andrews. Archaeology Press, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, BC. Hanson, Teresa. In Press. The Subsistence, Stories, and Place Names of the Upper Kuskokwim River. National Park Service, Denali. Hargus, Sharon. 2000. Ft. Ware (Kwadacha) Sekani Dictionary. Unpublished manuscript. Harris, Heather. 1997. Remembering 10,000 Years of History: The Origins and Migrations of the Gitksan. In At a Crossroads: Archaeology and First Peoples in Canada. Edited by George Nicholas and Tom Andrews. Archaeology Press, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, BC. Hoijer, Harry. 1975. The History and Customs of the Lipan, as told by Augustina Zuazua. Linguistics. 161: 5-38. Jacobson, Michael and Cinthia Wentworth, 1982. Kaktovik Subsistence: Land Use Values Through Time In The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Area. Report for the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Alaska Ecological Services, Fairbanks, Alaska. Jetté, Jules. 1910. On the geographical names of the Ten'a. Ms. Jones, Eliza. 1986. Koyukon Ethnogeography. Alaska Historical Commission Studies in History No. 117. Anchorage. Jones, Eliza. 2008. Middle Koyukuk River of Alaska: An Atlas of Fishing Places and Traditional Place Names. Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association, Anchorage. Johnson, L. The Great Bear Lake: Its Place in History. Calgary, Alberta: Arctic Institute of North America (AINA) database at the University of Calgary. Juneby, Willy, and John T . Ritter. 1978. Place Names of the Eagle Region. Alaska Native Language Archive. Fairbanks. Kari, James. 1979. Kuskokwim River Place Names. Alaska Native Language Archive. Fairbanks. Kari, James. 1983. Tanacross Place Names List (Preliminary Version). Alaska Native Language Archive. Fairbanks. Kari, James. 1997. Upper Tanana Place Names Lists and Maps. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park. Copper Center. Kari, James. 1999. Draft Final Report. Native Place Names in Denali National Park and Preserve. Report prepared for the National Park Service. Healy. Kari, James. 2001. Deg Hit'an-Holikachuk Place Names. Alaska Native Language Archive. Fairbanks. Kari, James. 2011. Tanacross Place Names. Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Archive. Pdf Ms. Kari, James. 2013. Ahtna Place Names Lists and Maps, version 3.1. Alaska Native Language Archive. Fairbanks. Kari, James. 2015. Middle Tanana Ethnogeographic Reconstruction. Report to Tanana-Yukon Historical Society and Fort Wainwright U.S. Army, Cultural Resources Office. Fairbanks. Kari, James. 2015. Upper Kuskokwim Dene Place Names Lists, version 3.31, February 16, 2015. Alaska Native Language Center. Fairbanks. Kari, James (editor). 2018. The Geographical Research of Jules Jetté. Unpublished manuscript. Tanana Chiefs Conference and ANLC. Kari, James, and Alan Boraas (editors). 1991. A Dena’ina Legacy-K’tl’egh’I Sukdu: The Collected Writings of Peter Kalifornsky. Alaska Native Language Archive. Fairbanks. Kari, James, and James A. Fall. 2016. Shem Pete’s Alaska: The Territory of the Upper Cook Inlet Dena’ina (3rd Edition). University of Alaska Press. Fairbanks. Kari, James and Rick Thoman. 2012. Tanacross Place Names Lists. Alaska Native Language Center. Fairbanks Kari, James, Gary Holton, Brett Parks, and Robert Charlie. 2012. Lower Tanana Athabascan Place Names. Alaska Native Language Center. Fairbanks. Kari, James, and Adeline Peter Raboff. 2011. Compilation of Yukon Flats Athabascan Place Names for Stevens Village, Beaver, Birch Creek and Fort Yukon. Dena'inaq' Titaztunt and Arivahan. Alaska Native Language Archive. Fairbanks. Kaska Elders. 1997. Guzāgi K'ū́gé': Our Language Book: Nouns : Kaska, Mountain Slavey and Sekani. Arctic Star Printing, Whitehorse. Klashnikoff, John, and Theodore "Sunshine" Chemavisky, 2015. Chugach Native Placenames. Chugach Alaska Corporation, Anchorage. Koutsky, Kathryn, 1981a. Early Days on Norton Sound and Bering Strait: An Overview of Historic Sites in the BSNC Region. Volume I: The Shishmaref Area. Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Koutsky, Kathryn, 1981b. Early Days on Norton Sound and Bering Strait: An Overview of Historic Sites in the BSNC Region. Volume II: The Wales Area. Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Koutsky, Kathryn, 1981c. Early Days on Norton Sound and Bering Strait: An Overview of Historic Sites in the BSNC Region. Volume III: The Port Clarence and Kauwerak Areas. Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Koutsky, Kathryn, 1981d. Early Days on Norton Sound and Bering Strait: An Overview of Historic Sites in the BSNC Region. Volume IV: The Nome, Fish River, and Golovin Areas. Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Koutsky, Kathryn, 1981e. Early Days on Norton Sound and Bering Strait: An Overview of Historic Sites in the BSNC Region. Volume V: The Koyuk Area. Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Koutsky, Kathryn, 1981f. Early Days on Norton Sound and Bering Strait: An Overview of Historic Sites in the BSNC Region. Volume VI: The Shaktoolik Area. Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Koutsky, Kathryn, 1981g. Early Days on Norton Sound and Bering Strait: An Overview of Historic Sites in the BSNC Region. Volume VI: The Unalakleet Area. Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Koutsky, Kathryn, 1981h. Early Days on Norton Sound and Bering Strait: An Overview of Historic Sites in the BSNC Region. Volume VI: The St. Michael and Stebbens Area. Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Krauss, Michael, 2012. Eyak place names master list and Yakutat place names. Pdf Ms. ANLA. Kritsch, Ingrid and Alestine André. 1994. Gwichya Gwich’in place names up the Arctic Red River and south of the Mackenzie River, Gwich’in Settlement Area, N.W.T. Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute. Kugo, Yoko. 2021. Iliamna Lake Ethnogeography: Yup’ik Place Names and Sense of Place. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Interdisciplinary Studies Program & Arctic and Northern Studies, Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Leer, Jeff. n.d. Sugpiat Placenames. Unpublished manuscript. Linford, Laurance D. 2000. Navajo Places: History, Legend, Landscape. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. Matesi, Joe, 2016. Dinjii Zhuh K’yàa Nan Goorì’ (Gwich'in Athabascan Place Names). Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center. Book, maps, and CD with hyperlinked soundfiles. Matthew, Margaret, Dave Lacey, James Kari and Randy Mayo. 1999. Stevens Village Land Use Plan, Ethnogeography of Traditional Lands, and Integrated Resource Management Plan. Stevens Village Council. McCloskey, Sarah, and Benjamin Jones, 2014. Mapping Traditional Place Names along the Koyukuk River-Koyukuk, Huslia, and Hughes, Western Interior Alaska. Fact Sheet 2014-3105. McIlwraith, Thomas. 2012. We Are Still Didene: Stories of Hunting and History from Northern British Columbia. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Michael, Henry N., ed. 1967. Lieutenant Zagoskin’s Travels in Russian America, 1842-1844. University of Toronto Press. Toronto. Mishler, Craig W. 1986. Born with the River: An Ethnographic History of Alaska's Goodpaster and Big Delta Indians. Report of Investigations 86-14. State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological and Geophysical Survey. Juneau. Mishler, Craig W. 2008. Tanacross Place Names. Unpublished Manuscript. Mooney, James. 1898. Calendar History of the Kiwa Indians. In Seventeenth annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1895-1896, 129–445. Bureau of American Ethnology. Mooney, James. 1898. The Jicarilla Genesis. American Anthropologist 11(7): 197-209. Nelson, Richard. 1983. Make Prayers to the Raven. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Nelson, Richard, Kathleen Mautner, and G. Ray Banel. 1982. Tracks in the Wildland: A Portrayal of Koyukon and Nunamiut Subsistence. Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Oswalt, Wendell H. 1980. Historic Settlements Along the Kuskokwim River, Alaska. Alaska State Library Historic Monograph ,7. Juneau, AK. Parks Canada. 2017. Nááts’įhch’oh National Park Reserve of Canada. Management Plan 2017. Tulita, NT, Pedersen, Sverre, Michael Coffing and Jane Thompson, 1985. Subsistence Land Use and Place Names Maps for Kaktovik, Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Fairbanks, Alaska. Peter, Katherine. 1981. Arctic Village Place Names. Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Archive. Alaska Native Language Archives. Fairbanks. Powell, John Wesley. 1890. Linguistic Stocks of American Indians. Map. Bureau of American Ethnology. Pulo, Tupo and Michelle Robert. n.d. Map 2: Kaiyuh Place Names, Koyukon and Other Local Place Names in the Kaiyuh Flats Area of West Central Alaska. Ms. ANLA. Robert, Michel. 1984. Trapping Patterns in the Vicinity of the Kaiyuh Flats, West-Central Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subsistence Division, Technical Paper 89.. Fairbanks. Schroeder, Albert H. 1974. A Study of the Apache Indians, Parts I, II, and III. Garland Publishing, Inc. Sheppard, William. n.d. Fieldnotes. On file at the University of Alaska Museum of the North. Sidney, Angela. 1980. Place Names of the Tagish Region, Southern Yukon. Compiled for the Yukon Native Languages Project, Council for Yukon Indians, Whitehorse. Smith, Gerad M. 2022. The Gift of the Middle Tanana: Dene Antiquity in the Alaskan Interior. Lexington Books, Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Lanham, Maryland. Taku River Tlingit First Nation. n.d. Taku River Tlingit Place Names. https://trt.geolive.ca/map.html Thomas, Vital, and June Helm and Armin Wiebe (editors). [1962] 1966. The Creation of the Barren Lands and the Couple Inside the Mountain. The Beaver. Thornton, Thomas F. (editor). 2012. Haa Léelk'w Hás Aaní Saax'ú: Our Grandparents' Names on the Land. Sealaska Heritage Institute and University of Washington Press. Juneau, Seattle, and London. Tom, Gertie. 1987. Èkeyi Gyò Cho Chú, My Country, Big Salmon River: Place Names of the Big Salmon River Region, Yukon Territory. Yukon Native Language Center, Whitehorse. Wickersham, James. 1938. Old Yukon: Tales-Trails-Trials. West Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minn. Yukon Native Language Center. 2012. Dákeyi (Our Country) Teaching Guide. Reprint 2012. Yukon Native Language Center, Whitehorse. Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association. 2008. Middle Koyukuk River of Alaska, an Atlas of Fishing Places and Traditional Place Names. Anchorage. Zagoskin, Leonti A. 1967 [1847]. Lieutenant Zagoskin's Travels in Russian America, 1842-1844. Henry N. Michael, ed. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Zenk H., Hajda, Y., and Boyd, R. 2016. Chinookan Villages of the Lower Columbia. Oregon Historical Quarterly, 117(1): 6-37. File Geodatabase Feature Class dataset EPSG 6.12(9.3.0.0) 0 Simple FALSE 0 TRUE FALSE AK_Native_Combined_pts Feature Class 0 OBJECTID OBJECTID OID 4 0 0 Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Name Name String 255 0 0 NameAlt NameAlt String 255 0 0 Literal Literal String 255 0 0 EnglishNameSource EnglishNameSource String 255 0 0 Latitude Latitude Double 8 0 0 Longitude Longitude Double 8 0 0 GNIS_ID GNIS_ID String 255 0 0 Shape Shape Geometry 0 0 0 Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. EnglishNameSourceType EnglishNameSourceType String 50 0 0 Language Language String 150 0 0 LanguageNameSource LanguageNameSource String 50 0 0 USGS_Name USGS_Name String 255 0 0 Feature_Type Feature_Type String 255 0 0 Comments Comments String 255 0 0 NOTES NOTES String 255 0 0 Principal_Investigator Principal_Investigator String 255 0 0 RegionName RegionName String 100 0 0 Notes2 Notes2 String 255 0 0 Seq Seq String 75 0 0 DeneCognateType DeneCognateType String 50 0 0 FeatureAge FeatureAge String 50 0 0 Descriptor Descriptor String 50 0 0 Datum Datum String 10 0 0 Russian_Nm Russian_Nm String 60 0 0 NativeCognateType NativeCognateType String 50 0 0 FEATURE_ID FEATURE_ID Double 8 0 0 FEATURE_01 FEATURE_01 String 20 0 0 FEATURE_20 FEATURE_20 String 100 0 0 20251118 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