20251125 05145000 1.0 ISO19139 002 CAS_Data_public 1150346.000000 2465388.403500 4793921.000000 6190095.000000 1 https://www.arcgis.com/sharing/rest/content/items/8d684f1841fa4dbea6afaefc8a1ba0fc/info/thumbnail/thumbnail.JPEG Projected GCS_NZGD_2000 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) NZGD_2000_New_Zealand_Transverse_Mercator <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/3.3.0'><WKT>PROJCS["NZGD_2000_New_Zealand_Transverse_Mercator",GEOGCS["GCS_NZGD_2000",DATUM["D_NZGD_2000",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",1600000.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",10000000.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",173.0],PARAMETER["Scale_Factor",0.9996],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",2193]]</WKT><XOrigin>-4020900</XOrigin><YOrigin>1900</YOrigin><XYScale>10000</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.001</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>2193</WKID><LatestWKID>2193</LatestWKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> 20260803 21331600 FALSE ISO 19139 Metadata Implementation Specification 20260211 11263000 See our: <a href='https://sway.office.com/wdD0YYkdOqysqaQm?ref=Link' rel='nofollow ugc'>Crash Analysis System (CAS) data user guide</a> This data comes from the Waka Kotahi Crash Analysis System (CAS), which records all traffic crashes reported to us by the NZ Police. CAS covers crashes on all New Zealand roadways or places where the public have legal access with a motor vehicle. The data updates monthly, in the first week of each month. Data is currently available from 1 January 2000. The dataset includes crash variables that are non-personal data. To give you a quick overview of the data, see the charts in the ‘Attributes’ section below. These will give you information about each of the attributes (variables) in the dataset. Each chart is specific to a variable, and shows all data (without any filters applied). <a href='https://opendata-nzta.opendata.arcgis.com/pages/cas-data-field-descriptions' rel='nofollow ugc'>Crash Analysis System data - field descriptions</a> Data reuse caveats: we’ve taken reasonable care in compiling this information, and provide it on an ‘as is, where is’ basis. We're not liable for any action taken on the basis of the information. For further information see the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 International license. <a href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode' rel='nofollow ugc'>CC-BY 4.0 International licence details</a> Variables in the dataset are formatted for analytical use. This can result in attribute charts that may not appear meaningful, and are not suitable for broader analysis or use. In addition, some variables aren't mutually exclusive – do not consider them in isolation. You must not take and use these charts directly as analysis of the overall data. Data quality statement: we aim to process all fatal crashes within one working day of receiving the crash report from NZ Police. We aim to process all injury crashes (serious and minor injury) within 4 weeks of receiving the crash report. It may take up to seven months for non-injury crashes to be processed into CAS. <a href='https://www.nzta.govt.nz/safety/partners/crash-analysis-system/' rel='nofollow ugc'>Up-to-date information on current number of outstanding crash reports</a> Most unprocessed crash reports will be for crashes where there weren’t any injuries. Data quality caveats: this data comes from the road traffic crash database Crash Analysis System (CAS) version 2.1.0. As the data is live, data can sometimes change after we receive it – that is, the data is not static after we publish it. Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency maintains the Crash Analysis System. This open data is an appropriately confidentialised version of that. After a crash, NZ Police send us a Traffic Crash Report (TCR). This may not happen immediately. A crash must have happened on a road to be recorded in CAS. The CAS definition of a road is any street, motorway or beach, or a place that people can access with a motor vehicle. There is a lag between the time of a crash to CAS having full and correct crash records. This is due to the police reporting time frame, and data processing. People don’t report all crashes to the NZ Police. The level of reporting increases with the severity of the crash. Crash severity is the severity of the worst injury in the crash. There may be more than one injury in a crash. 2020 and 2021 data is incomplete. For API explorer users, there is a known issue with number-based attribute filters where the “AND” operator is used instead of the “BETWEEN” operator. Substituting “BETWEEN” for “AND” manually in the query URL will resolve this.Update 13/07/2021: previously, there was a 5 month buffer between our internal CAS data and our CAS open data. We have reduced this buffer to 1 month, due to user demand and improved systems.Update 10/12/2020: field type change. The field type for ‘crashFinancialYear’ has changed from integer to text. CAS_Data_public 2026-08-03T21:33:00 -180.0 180.0 -34.071453 -47.008233 1 crashessafety Data about all traffic crashes reported to us by the NZ Police Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency This work is licensed under a <a href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/' target='_blank' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. Esri ArcGIS 13.3.0.52636 dataset 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 20260211 Feature Class EPSG 6.15(9.0.0) CAS_Data_public Feature Class 0 OBJECTID OBJECTID OID 4 0 0 Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. advisorySpeed Advisory Speed SmallInteger 2 0 0 areaUnitID Area Unit ID Integer 4 0 0 bicycle Bicycle Integer 4 0 0 bridge Bridge Integer 4 0 0 bus Bus Integer 4 0 0 carStationWagon Car Station Wagon Integer 4 0 0 cliffBank Cliff Bank Integer 4 0 0 crashDirectionDescription Crash Direction Description String 50 0 0 crashFinancialYear Crash Financial Year String 20 0 0 crashLocation1 Crash Location 1 String 255 0 0 crashLocation2 Crash Location 2 String 255 0 0 crashRoadSideRoad Crash Road Side Road Integer 4 0 0 crashSeverity Crash Severity String 50 0 0 crashSHDescription Crash SH Description String 255 0 0 crashYear Crash Year Integer 4 0 0 debris Debris Integer 4 0 0 directionRoleDescription Direction Role Description String 50 0 0 ditch Ditch Integer 4 0 0 fatalCount Fatal Count Integer 4 0 0 fence Fence Integer 4 0 0 flatHill Flat Hill String 50 0 0 guardRail Guard Rail Integer 4 0 0 holiday Holiday String 50 0 0 houseOrBuilding House Or Building Integer 4 0 0 intersection Intersection Integer 4 0 0 kerb Kerb Integer 4 0 0 light Light String 50 0 0 meshblockId Meshblock ID Integer 4 0 0 minorInjuryCount Minor Injury Count Integer 4 0 0 moped Moped Integer 4 0 0 motorcycle Motorcycle Integer 4 0 0 NumberOfLanes Number Of Lanes SmallInteger 2 0 0 objectThrownOrDropped Object Thrown Or Dropped Integer 4 0 0 otherObject Other Object Integer 4 0 0 otherVehicleType Other Vehicle Type Integer 4 0 0 overBank Over Bank Integer 4 0 0 parkedVehicle Parked Vehicle Integer 4 0 0 pedestrian Pedestrian Integer 4 0 0 phoneBoxEtc Phone Box Etc Integer 4 0 0 postOrPole Post Or Pole Integer 4 0 0 region Region String 255 0 0 roadCharacter Road Character String 50 0 0 roadLane Road Lane String 50 0 0 roadSurface Road Surface String 50 0 0 roadworks Road works Integer 4 0 0 schoolBus School Bus Integer 4 0 0 seriousInjuryCount Serious Injury Count Integer 4 0 0 slipOrFlood Slip Or Flood Integer 4 0 0 speedLimit Speed Limit SmallInteger 2 0 0 strayAnimal Stray Animal Integer 4 0 0 streetLight Street Light String 50 0 0 suv SUV Integer 4 0 0 taxi Taxi Integer 4 0 0 temporarySpeedLimit Temporary Speed Limit SmallInteger 2 0 0 tlaId TLA ID Integer 4 0 0 tlaName TLA Name String 255 0 0 trafficControl Traffic Control String 50 0 0 trafficIsland Ttraffic Island Integer 4 0 0 trafficSign Traffic Sign Integer 4 0 0 train Ttrain Integer 4 0 0 tree Tree Integer 4 0 0 truck Truck Integer 4 0 0 unknownVehicleType Unknown Vehicle Type Integer 4 0 0 urban Urban String 50 0 0 vanOrUtility Van Or Utility Integer 4 0 0 vehicle Vehicle Integer 4 0 0 waterRiver Water River Integer 4 0 0 weatherA Weather A String 50 0 0 weatherB Weather B String 50 0 0 SHAPE Shape Geometry 0 0 0 Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. Simple FALSE 0 TRUE FALSE