2021-10-08 08:46:14.14 2021-10-11 09:29:41.01 editor:esri.dijit.metadata.editor 1.0 North American Profile of ISO19115 2003 NAP false 8d3465c047324eb290b0acb79be72dd2 Keith VanGraafeiland Esri Product Engineer - Ocean Content Lead kvangraafeiland@esri.com 8615 Westwood Center Dr. Vienna Virginia 22182 US 2017-03-17 08:46:14.14 Ecological Marine Units (EMUs) A Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Ocean Based on Environmental Data Ecological Marine Units (EMUs) - A Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Ocean Based on Environmental Data 2017-03-01 2017-03-22 https://www.tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/30-1_sayre.pdf PDF https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.116 Oceanography Volume 30, Number 1 90-103 The existence, sources, distribution, circulation, and physicochemical nature of macroscale oceanic water bodies have long been a focus of oceanographic inquiry. Building on that work, this paper describes an objectively derived and globally comprehensive set of 37 distinct volumetric region units, called ecological marine units (EMUs). They are constructed on a regularly spaced ocean point-mesh grid, from sea surface to seafloor, and attributed with data from the 2013 World Ocean Atlas version 2. The point attribute data are the means of the decadal averages from a 57-year climatology of six physical and chemical environment parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate). The database includes over 52 million points that depict the global ocean in x, y, and z dimensions. The point data were statistically clustered to define the 37 EMUs, which represent physically and chemically distinct water volumes based on spatial variation in the six marine environmental characteristics used. The aspatial clustering to produce the 37 EMUs did not include point location or depth as a determinant, yet strong geographic and vertical separation was observed. Twenty-two of the 37 EMUs are globally or regionally extensive, and account for 99% of the ocean volume, while the remaining 15 are smaller and shallower, and occur around coastal features. We assessed the vertical distribution of EMUs in the water column and placed them into classical depth zones representing epipelagic (0 m to 200 m), mesopelagic (200 m to 1,000 m), bathypelagic (1,000 m to 4,000 m) and abyssopelagic (>4,000 m) layers. The mapping and characterization of the EMUs represent a new spatial framework for organizing and understanding the physical, chemical, and ultimately biological properties and processes of oceanic water bodies. The EMUs are an initial objective partitioning of the ocean using longterm historical average data, and could be extended in the future by adding new classification variables and by introducing functionality to develop time-specific EMU distribution maps. The EMUs are an open-access resource, and as both a standardized geographic framework and a baseline physicochemical characterization of the oceanic environment, they are intended to be useful for disturbance assessments, ecosystem accounting exercises, conservation priority setting, and marine protected area network design, along with other research and management applications. Metadata for EMUs The Group on Earth Observations (GEO), a consortium of over 100 nations with an intergovernmental protocol related to Earth observation, commissioned a global map of EMUs to support the wise use of ocean resources to gain environmental resilience. Rigorous statistical clustering produced 37 distinct 3D volumetric regions of ocean properties most likely to drive ecosystem responses. With this in hand, conservation-minded organizations, academic institutions, or citizen scientists can gauge positive or negative trends and use data to make informed decisions that preserve marine environments. Esri, USGS, NOAA, NASA, USFWS, NIWA, MCI, NatureServe, GEO, Duke Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, GRID Arendal, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of Auckland ArcGIS Pro open scienceemuecological marine unitsoceanmarineecosystem -180.0 180.0 -90.0 90.0 2015-01-01T00:00:00.000 2017-03-01T00:00:00.000 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons by Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. See Credits and Map for Attribution. <div><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">View License Deed</a> | <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" target="_blank">View Legal Code</a></div> Other Constraints Other Constraints Other Constraints Other Constraints Other Constraints Other Constraints Release 0.1 for Ecological Marine Units - An ongoing collaborative project n/a EMU Point Mesh, EMU Master Grid n/a EMU n/a All Ecological Marine Unit processing was done in ArcGIS Pro. Cluster parameters were derived in SASS and applied within ArcGIS Pro. 2017-03-01 Keith VanGraafeiland Esri Product Engineer Kevin Butler Esri Spatial Statistician Data for this project were obtained from World Ocean Atlas (WOA) 2013 v2. Ecological Marine Units (EMUs) for the entire Ocean are discoverable through ArcMap Map Packages, ArcGIS Pro Project Packages and Web Apps. NOAA World Ocean Database Search and Select 2017-03-01 https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=24885cd6bd9544f5a8e15d0bf40f67d6 HTTPS EMU Geopackage https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=6a16bb85e9ab47829aa626dced51edc6 HTTP EMU NetCDF This netCDF file contains the EMU variables for the entire globe. The following blog was used to create the netCDF file in Python: https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis/data-management/creating-netcdf-files-for-analysis-and-visualization-in-arcgis/ Ecological Marine Units EMU n/a n/a 52000000 pointid pointid Esri standard identifier for all points in point mesh with X,Y,Z n/a integer 4 n/a temp temp Temperature (°C) Temperature Degrees Celsius 4 n/a This Ecological Marine Unit data dictionary provides insight on the field names, types, and example values for the EMU Point Mesh. This is version 2 of the data dictionary. https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=796ddf4e35d5499cbb3b4a0423196a2e