fl_day_TPRa
Radar Target Passage Rate Prediction by EBK Interpolation Regression for Fall during day
USFWS Great Lakes Migration Decision Support Tool
2020-04-10
https://www.fws.gov/radar/
USFWS Avian Radar Project Website
Description of project, access to reports and raw data sets (target counts, direction, altitude, etc.)
"This is a contour feature set depicting a surface of predicted migration intensity (Target Passage Rate, TPR) in units of targets per hour. Predictions are based on data collected from 25 Spring and 22 Fall locations throughout the Great Lakes by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Avian Radar Team. Predictions were generated by interpolating overall TPR from field sites during this time period and season, with landscape variables (% water cover, % forest cover, night light illumination, latitude, longitude, and proximity to a Great Lake) as spatial predictors of TPR. Fields Value_Min and Value_Max contain the minimum and maximum predicted TPR values for each of 20 passage rate categories. Fields SE and CoV contain the standard error and covariance of the predicted TPR for each cell. See Supplementary Information for details.
The purpose of this dataset is to provide a broad view of differences in aerial migration intensity across the Upper Midwest Great Lakes region. This dataset may be used to identify general areas of greater and lesser airspace use by birds and bats. These estimates may also reflect differences in potential stopover intensity or use of terrestrial resources."
Estimated flight intensity (targets per hour) of birds and bats at dusk during spring migration within 100 km of Great Lakes in the U.S.
"For more information on radar data collection and processing, see the USFWS Avian Radar Project website [1] or an Avian Radar Project report, e.g., [2]. Radar data sets including target counts and information on direction of flight and altitude can be downloaded from the Avian Radar website as well (https://www.fws.gov/radar/factsandfiles/index.html). Prediction surfaces were generated by interpolating hourly target passage rate (TPR) from radar data at data collection sites (25 spring, 22 fall). Site-specific TPR is calculated as the sum of the 3 normalized target count categories [columns I, K, M] in the VSR_YMDH_LOE_RSZ data sheet, divided by total data recording time, in hours. Hours with fewer than 40 minutes recording time were omitted. Dates of the year with fewer than 10 total radar observations (between 2011 - 2018) were omitted, defining seasons as Spring (April 5 - June 10) and Fall (August 5 - November 8) Sites with fewer than 7 recording days within a season were omitted. Total observations included in models were 977 Spring days and 1449 Fall days. Empirical Bayes Kriging Regression interpolation was used to convert point-observations within a time period to a continuous migration intensity prediction surface. The Geostatistical Wizard in ArcGIS Pro v. 2.3.3 was used. Source Dataset was TPR values per Spring or Fall site. Explanatory variables included were raster layers of percent landcover (water, crop, forest) and night light within a 10 km (spring) or 50 km (fall) radius, and proximity to a Great Lake (log km). Percent water cover was derived from USFWS National Wetlands Inventory [3] vector data, converted to raster at 5 m resolution and aggregated to 30 m resolution. Percent cropland and percent forest were derived from the USGS National Land Cover Database 30 m raster image [4]. Percent night light was derived from NASA Black Marble 500 m imagery [5]. Proximity to a Great Lake was derived from NOAA Great Lakes shoreline data [6]. Radar site distance to shoreline was verified by visual examination of satellite imagery and corrected where necessary. Interpolation used K-Bessel semivariogram wih 1000 simulations. Prediction filled contour feature surfaces with 20 classes (5th percentiles) were produced for the processing extent (-96 to -72 degrees longitude and 39 to 50 degrees latitude). Prediction features were clipped to a 100 km buffer around the Great Lakes, and clipped to the United States (removing predictions within Canada). Features were then zipped and uploaded to Arc GIS Online.
"
"Summary Cross-Validation Statistics for Spring Dusk prediction layer:
Count (radar sites) 21
Average Continuous Ranked Probability Score 19.02745535
Inside 90 Percent Interval 95.23809524
Inside 95 Percent Interval 95.23809524
Mean 0.797222014
Root-Mean-Square 35.84059493
Mean Standardized 0.013608623
Root-Mean-Square Standardized 0.83609231
Average Standard Error (targets per hour) 41.82148591
"
"1. USFWS Avian Radar Website: www.fws.gov/radar
2. Wells, M.T., T. S. Bowden, K.W. Heist, R. L. Horton, D. C. Nolfi, E. C. Olson, Rathbun N. A., and J. C. Gosse. 2018. Great Lakes Avian Radar Technical Report Lake Huron Lakeshore: Alcona and Presque Isle, MI, Fall 2015 and Spring 2016. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Technical Publication FWS/BTP-XXXXX-2018. https://www.fws.gov/radar/documents/Avian%20Report_Lake%20Huron%20Shoreline%20F2015%20S2016_hr.pdf
3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. National Wetlands Inventory - Version 2, Surface Waters and Wetlands Inventory. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.
4. Homer CH, Fry JA, Barnes CA. 2012. The National Land Cover Database, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3020, 4 p.
5. Román, M.O., Wang, Z., Sun, Q., Kalb, V., Miller, S.D., Molthan, A., Schultz, L., Bell, J., Stokes, E.C., Pandey, B. and Seto, K.C., et al. 2018. NASA's Black Marble nighttime lights product suite. Remote Sensing of Environment, 210, pp.113-143, DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.017.
6. Schwab DJ, Sellers DL. 1996. Computerized Bathymetry and Shorelines of the Great Lakes. NOAA Data Report ERL GLERL-16. Ann Arbor, Michigan."
Data Collection: USFWS Avian Radar Project: Jeff Gosse, David Larson, Nate Rathbun, Erik Olson, Dan Nolfi, Becky Horton, Tim Bowden, Mike Wells, Kevin Heist. Concept Design: Beth Rigby, Nate Rathbun, Mike Wells, Kevin Heist. Map Production: Kevin Heist
Esri ArcGIS 12.3.2.15850
-93.617325
-74.236706
40.485244
48.245784
2011-01-01
2018-12-31
Avian Radar Project [Michael Wells]
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Biologist, Region 3 Ecological Services
michael_wells@fws.gov
5600 American Blvd, Ste 990
Bloomington
MN
55437
US
<div>Target passage rate (TPR) values in this layer are not a direct measurement of migration intensity. They are estimates extrapolated from data collected by two mobile radar units from various sites on the U.S. side of the Great Lakes basin between 2011 and 2018. Actual migration intensity may differ substantially from the estimates presented in this layer. The layers depict broad patterns in migration intensity. Do not interpret values from specific areas as an exact representation of target passage.</div><div><br /></div><div>The findings and conclusions in this dataset are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Federal government.</div>
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