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<p><font size='4'>The "National Measured Conductivity Data - WQP" view in the Freshwater Explorer is based on measured data obtained from the </font><a href='https://www.waterqualitydata.us/' rel='nofollow ugc' target='_blank'><font size='4'>U.S. EPA Water Quality Portal (WQP)</font></a><font size='4'> data inventory - the nation's largest source for water quality monitoring data. Data were downloaded from the WQP website using the following query criteria: </font><br /></p><p></p><ul><li><font size='4'>Country - United States.</font></li><li><font size='4'>Sample Media - Water. </font></li><li><font size='4'>Characteristics - Conductivity, Specific Conductivity, Specific Conductance, Calculated/Measured Ratio.</font></li><li><font size='4'>Date range - 1 January 2000 to 20 July 2021.</font></li></ul><p></p><p><font size='4'>These water quality data records are provided by many federal, state and tribal organizations and other partners. As such, the U.S. EPA cannot ensure that the information is accurate, current or complete. Therefore, users should verify the data from the original sources before drawing site specific conclusions. Examples of errors found include negative specific conductivity (SC) values, units of measurements not consistent with SC measurements (e.g., NTU, volts, mg/l) and entries as mS/cm but reported as µS/cm. The U.S. EPA plans to update data and add new data; however, due to the large number of organizations involved, such an effort is beyond the scope of this story map. Users should verify the data from the original sources before drawing site specific conclusions.</font></p><div><font size='4'><br /></font></div><div><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; text-align:justify;'><font size='4'>An inventory of the SC data affected by such uncertainties has been compiled and a thorough data revision process has been planned to contact the individual organizations that provided the data and to regularly up-date data. However, due to the large number of organizations involved, it is necessary that users of the National Conductivity Data assume there will be some inherent measuring and reporting error. </font></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; text-align:justify;'><font size='4'><br /></font></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt;'><font size='4'>The quality of the measured data was evaluated as follows. An automated Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) protocol was developed using R-scripts to remove or identify potentially erroneous SC values (outliers) in WQP. The objective of the QA/QC protocol was to:</font></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;'></p><ul><li><font size='4'><b><i>Remove SC values ≤ 0</i></b> (SC values cannot be negative).<br /></font></li><li><font size='4'><i><b>Remove SC values reported with units of measurements different from Siemens or mho</b> </i>- these were considered ambiguous (e.g., SC reported as nephelometric turbidity units, degrees etc.<span style='font-family:Arial, sans-serif;'>)</span>.<br /></font></li><li><font size='4'><b><i>Convert all relevant SC values to µS/cm</i></b> (e.g., values expressed in mS/cm were multiplied by 1000). This allows direct comparison among samples.<br /></font></li><li><font size='4'><b><i>Identify and flag (grey circles) SC values < 10 µS/cm</i></b> - these SC values are uncertain and likely recorded incorrectly as µS/cm instead of mS/cm units.<br /></font></li><li><font size='4'><b><i>Identify and flag (grey circles) SC values > 5000 µS/cm</i></b> - these SC values likely represent marine waters or are errors in reported units of measurements (data reported as mS/cm but likely measured as µS/cm). It should be noted, however, that some SC values > 5000 µS/cm may have been correctly reported (e.g., brine waste outfalls, irrigation return water).</font></li></ul><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; text-align:justify;'><font size='4'>The data set is updated from time to time but is always very large. The initial dataset in 2021 contained almost 13 million records downloaded from WQP. About 160 thousand SC measurements were removed (incorrect units or erroneous values). More than 2 million values, representing about 25%, were flagged as uncertain (gray color). The subsequent QA/QC dataset contained about 9 million samples from more than 200,000 locations. The R code developed to perform the QA/QC steps are available from <a href='https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=75d8596e313b430d9181feed4da8667b' rel='nofollow ugc' target='_blank'>cormier.susan@epa.gov</a></font></p></div>
Conductivity
Stream
Water
River
Hydrology
ArcGIS
Cormier
Wharton
Geospatial
Ion
Layer
Map
National
NHD
Olson
Quality
Tetra Tech
United States
USEPA
Watershed
Zheng
Sampled
STORET
USGS
The "National Measured Conductivity Data - WQP" view consists of a shapefile derived from data stored in the U.S. EPA Water Quality Portal.
Cormier, S. M., Wharton, C., and Olson, J.R.
<p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt;'><b><span style='font-size:14pt;'>Freshwater Explorer Disclaimer</span></b></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; text-align:justify;'><font size='4'>This story map is intended for exploratory and discussion purposes. Although statutory provisions and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations contain legally binding requirements, this document is not a regulation nor does it change or substitute those provisions or regulations. The document does not substitute for the Clean Water Act, a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit, or EPA or state regulations applicable to permits; nor is this document a permit or regulation itself. Thus, it does not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, states, tribes, or the regulatory community. This document does not confer legal rights or impose legal obligations on any member of the public. Mention of any trade names, products, or services is not and should not be interpreted as conveying official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation.</font></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; text-align:justify;'><font size='4'><br /></font></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; text-align:justify;'><span style='font-size:large;'>While EPA has used its best efforts to include complete and accurate information in this system, EPA cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions and is not liable for any direct, indirect or consequential damages resulting from using this secondary information. Some potential sources of error have been assessed by the U.S. EPA resulting in the removal of some samples from the original data sets. However, all sources of potential error cannot be eliminated from the measured data reported in the Freshwater Explorer or the data used to develop predictive models. Therefore, the U.S. EPA cannot fully ensure either the original data or the values calculated from them. Conclusions and assessments drawn from the use of the Freshwater Explorer are the responsibility of the user.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; text-align:justify;'><span style='font-size:large;'><br /></span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; text-align:justify;'><span style='font-size:large;'>Please check sources, scale, accuracy, dates and other available information. Please confirm that you are using the most recent copy of both data and metadata. Reliance on the information contained in this system by any party cannot be used as a defense in any administrative or judicial proceeding.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; text-align:justify;'><span style='font-size:large;'><br /></span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt; text-align:justify;'><span style='font-size:large;'>This story map might be revised periodically. EPA can revise this story map without public notice to reflect changes in EPA policy, guidance, and advancements in the field of biological assessments. EPA welcomes public input on this document at any time. Send comments to </span><a href='mailto:FreshwaterExplorer@epa.gov' rel='nofollow ugc' target='_blank'>FreshwaterExplorer@epa.gov</a><span style='font-size:large;'>, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268.</span></p><div><br /></div>
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