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A subset of Global Energy Monitor's "Global Coal Mine Tracker" dataset. Coal mines that are no longer in operation or no longer in development have been removed, along with locations outside of legally protected areas.
A note on status definitions:
Operating Mines commissioned and in commercial operation
Proposed Mines that have been announced, under exploration, permitted, or under construction, but not yet operating
Announced Projects that have appeared in corporate or governmental planning documents or media coverage
Exploration Mines that are moving forward in one or more of the following ways: pre-feasibility studies, geological exploration, applying for environmental permits, acquiring land, acquiring water rights, or securing financing
Permitted Projects that have secured all environmental permits, including a mine plan, but have not broken ground
Construction Projects where physical construction is proceeding
Further information on the methodology used the create the original dataset can be found at https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-coal-mine-tracker/methodology/
Created by overlaying the Protected Areas layer with the Coal Deposits layer. Areas indicated may be at risk of coal mining and other fossil fuel extraction activity (such as coal-bed methane).
Detailed sources of coal data available at https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1WnIwiBK36h1OhEqAtekac5u5wpJkgcVlz1tB0erX0sY
Protected areas information from www.protectedplanet.net: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA).
Created by overlaying the Protected Areas layer with the Oil and Gas Deposits layer. Areas indicated may be at risk of oil and/or gas drilling and other fossil fuel extraction activity.
Oil and gas deposit information from U.S. Geological Survey World Conventional Resources Assessment Team, 2013, Supporting data for the U.S. Geological Survey 2012 world assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS–69–FF, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69FF. U.S. Geological Survey Central Energy Resources Assessment Team, 1996, 1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Downloadable GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69FF.
Protected areas information from www.protectedplanet.net: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA).
By combining the USGS's global (non-US) and national (US) surveys of technically recoverable conventional oil and gas resources, a complete picture of the world's oil and gas deposits was created. The boundaries of oil-bearing regions are conservatively drawn, at risk of underestimating the area of underlying deposits. This map will be updated as new assessments are published by the USGS.
By combining multiple surveys, a complete picture of the world's coal deposits was created. The boundaries of coal regions are drawn using a variety of methodologies, due to the diverse sources needed to complete a global assessment. This map will be updated as new assessments become available.
Attribute data include (quoted from "User Manual for the World Database on Protected Areas and world database on other effective area-based conservation measures: 1.6"):
WDPAID - Unique identifier for a protected Area.
WDPA_PID - C. Unique identifier for parcels or zones within a protected area.
PA_DEF - Allowed values: 1 (meets IUCN and CBD protected area definitions)
NAME - Name of the protected area as provided by the data provider.
ORIG_NAME - Name of the protected area in the original language.
DESIG - Name of designation.
DESIG_ENG - Designation in English.
DESIG_TYPE - Allowed values: National, Regional, International, Not Applicable
IUCN_CAT - Allowed values: Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V, VI, Not Applicable, Not Assigned, Not Reported.
UNEP-WCMC - Assigned by UNEP-WCMC. For World Heritage and Ramsar sites only.
REP_M__AREA - Marine area in square kilometres
GIS_M_AREA - Assigned by UNEP-WCMC.
REP_AREA - Area in square kilometres.
GIS_AREA - Assigned by UNEP-WCMC.
NO_TAKE - Allowed values: All, Part, None, Not Reported, Not Applicable (if no marine component).
NO_TK_AREA - Area of the no-take area in square kilometres.
STATUS - Allowed values: Proposed, Inscribed, Adopted, Designated, Established.
STATUS_YR - Year of enactment of status (STATUS field).
GOV_TYPE - Allowed values: Federal or national ministry or agency, Sub-national ministry or agency, Government-delegated management, Transboundary governance, Collaborative governance, Joint governance, Individual landowners, Non-profit organisations, For-profit organisations, Indigenous peoples, Local communities, Not Reported.
OWN_TYPE - Allowed values: State, Communal, Individual landowners, For-profit organisations, Non-profit organisations, Joint ownership, Multiple ownership, Contested, Not Reported.
MANG_AUTH - Individual or group that manages the protected area.
MANG_PLAN - Link or reference to the protected area’s management plan.
CONS_OBJ - Allowed values: Primary, Secondary, Ancillary.
SUPP_INFO - Link or reference to supporting information on the OECM, such as details of how it fulfils each element of the OECM definition
VERIF - Assigned by UNEP-WCMC. Fixed values: State Verified, Expert Verified, Not Reported (for unverified data that was already in the WDPA prior to the inclusion of the ‘Verification’ field).
METADATAID - Assigned by UNEP-WCMC. Link to source table.
SUB_LOC - ISO 3166-2 sub-national code where the PA is located. Separated by a semi-colon if multiple.
PARENT_ISO3 - Allowed values: ISO 3166-1 Alpha-3 character code of country where the PA is located. Separated by a semi-colon if multiple.
ISO3 - Allowed values: ISO 3166-1 Alpha-3 character code of country where the PA is located. Separated by a semi-colon if multiple.
Statistics are based on fossil fuel reserve data from the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) [German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources], CO2 conversion calculations from the Leave it in the Ground Initiative, and fossil fuel extraction asset databases from Rystad Energy and the Global Energy Monitor project.
Area-based statistics are based on data from the United States Geographic Survey, LINGO, and the World Database of Protected Areas. National and exclusive economic zone boundaries provided by the Flanders Marine Institute. Area-based calculations began with creating a pair of polygon sets representing overlapping areas between coal/oil/gas deposits and protected areas. Both the original polygons and these “overlap” polygons were further processed in a five-step workflow: (1) Transnational deposits were split at national borders using the Flanders Institute’s map of national borders and economic exclusive zones. This normalized border lines across different sources and ensured that each country’s statistics would only include deposits within their borders.(2) Each resulting polygon’s area in square kilometers was calculated and appended to the polygon’s attribute data. (3) ISO three-letter country codes were added to each polygon’s attribute table to identify which country they are located in. (4) Country stats were summarized by summing the area attribute values for all the polygons with the same country code. (5) Each country’s coal and oil/gas deposits under protected areas was calculated as a percentage of the national total coal and oil/gas area. These percentages were then used as multipliers for BGR’s energy statistics to estimate the amount of each fossil fuel under protected areas.
Processing of current and planned extraction data from Rystad Energy and Global Energy Monitor started with clipping the respective data sets to include only protected areas. Duplicate, abandoned, cancelled, and spurious assets were then removed before summing values for each three-letter ISO country code, creating the final per-country statistics.
All processing was performed with ArcGIS Pro Advanced (v3.0.1, and later, v3.0.2) on the author’s computer workstation. Microsoft Excel (v2207, and later, v2208) was used to prepare spreadsheets and collate data.
Using LINGO’s “Keep it in the Ground” conversion metrics, equivalent potential carbon dioxide emissions have been provided.
Fields:
SOVEREIGN1 - Name of the nation claiming this area. If multiple claims exist, this field indicates the nation with the most recognized status (LINGO, participating organizations, and sources express no opinion about the legal state neither of any country, territory or area nor concerning its delimitation, frontier, or borders).
ISO_SOV1 - Name of the nation claiming this area, expressed as a three-character ISO 3166 country code. If multiple claims exist, this field indicates the nation with the most recognized status (LINGO, participating organizations, and sources express no opinion about the legal state neither of any country, territory, or area nor concerning its delimitation, frontier, or borders).
CountryEEZTotalAreaKM2 - The total calculated area of the country, including land and marine areas that have been recognized as part of the economic exclusive zone. Expressed in square kilometers.
Total_Emissions_in_PA_CO2_Mt - The combined potential CO2 emissions from current and planned extraction of oil, gas, and coal from Protected Areas. Expressed in millions of tons of CO2.
Coal_in_PA_Mt - Total current and planned coal resources/reserves extraction in protected areas. Resource values are used unless reserve numbers are higher (due to Global Energy Monitor's methodology). Expressed in millions of tons of raw coal.
Coal_in_PA_CO2_Mt - Total current and planned CO2 emissions from coal resources/reserves extraction in protected areas. Resource values are used unless reserve numbers are higher (due to Global Energy Monitor's methodology). Expressed in millions of tons of CO2.
OilGas_in_PA__MMBOE - Total current and planned oil/gas resources extraction in protected areas. Expressed in millions of barrels oil equivalent.
OilGas_in_PA_CO2_Mt - Total current and planned CO2 emissions from oil/gas resource extraction in protected areas. Expressed in millions of tons of CO2.
Total_Coal_Area_KM2 - Total area of coal deposits. Expressed in square kilometers.
Overlapping_Coal_Area_KM2 - Total area of coal deposits under protected areas.
Remaining_Potential_Coal_Under_PA_USGSarea_Mt - Estimated remaining potential coal resources under protected areas. Area-based calculations, assuming equal deposits across areas identified as coal-bearing. Expressed in millions of tons of raw coal.
Remaining_Potential_Coal_Under_PA_CO2_USGSarea_Mt - Estimated remaining potential coal resources under protected areas. Area-based calculations, assuming equal deposits across areas identified as coal-bearing. Expressed in millions of tons of CO2.