Layers:

Layer: Residuals (0)


Name: Residuals

Display Field: StreamName

Type: Feature Layer

Geometry Type: esriGeometryPoint

Is View: true

Is Updatable View: true

Source Schema Changes Allowed: true

Description: <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; font-family:&quot;Avenir Next W01&quot;, &quot;Avenir Next W00&quot;, &quot;Avenir Next&quot;, Avenir, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size:16px;"><strong><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:medium;">Model Validation</span></strong><br /></p><div style="font-family:&quot;Avenir Next W01&quot;, &quot;Avenir Next W00&quot;, &quot;Avenir Next&quot;, Avenir, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size:16px;"><p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">The &quot;Model Validation&quot; view on the Freshwater Explorer shows the predictive performance at reference sites that were used to develop PBC model. In the wetter and more forested areas, reference sites were more abundant and predictions are more precise. In the central U.S., fewer reference sites were available and predictions are more uncertain. In the grass and shrub lands east of the continental divide, measured SC was over-predicted by the model by more than 100 µS/cm at 5% of sites (yellow dots) and under-predicted by more than 100 µS/cm at 3% of sites (red dots).  Calculated differences between measured and predicted SC are reported as residuals in pop-up boxes on this view. There are many potential causes for these differences, including data reporting errors and reference site reliability.  </span></p><p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;"> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">Overall, the model explained most of the variation in SC and produced reasonably accurate predictions for both calibration data (Mean Absolute Error = 22 µS/cm, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency = 0.92, and Coefficient of Determination = 0.92) and external validation data (Mean Absolute Error = 29 µS/cm, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency = 0.87, and Coefficient of Determination = 0.87). Values reported as background only apply to streams and have not been validated for lakes or wetlands.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="font-family:inherit;"> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="font-family:inherit;"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">More details can be found in <em>Olson and Cormier (2019)</em>.</span><br /></span></p><p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="font-family:inherit;"> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.0001pt;"><strong><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">References</span></strong></p><ul><li><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">Hill, R.A., Weber, M.H., Leibowitz, M.H., Olsen, A.R., Thornbrugh, D.J., 2016. The Stream-Catchment (StreamCat) Dataset: A Database of Watershed Metrics for the Conterminous United States. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 52(1), 120-128. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12372" style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12372</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family:inherit;"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">McKay, L., Bondelid, T., Dewald, T., Johnston, J., Moore, R., Rea, A., 2012. NHDPlus Version 2: User Guide. National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center, Washington, DC. Available at: </span><a href="https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=540abb1d015b4bd2b87d30f4c28a58cb&amp;view=table" style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">https://nctc.fws.gov/courses/references/tutorials/geospatial/CSP7306/Readings/NHDPlusV2_User_Guide.pdf</span></a></span></li><li><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">NASA, 2019. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data. Available at: <a href="https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=540abb1d015b4bd2b87d30f4c28a58cb&amp;view=table" style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;" target="_blank">https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">Olson, J.R., Hawkins, C.P., 2012. Predicting natural base‐flow stream water chemistry in the western United States. Water Resources Research, 48(2). doi: <a href="https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=540abb1d015b4bd2b87d30f4c28a58cb&amp;view=table" style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011088</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">Olson, J.R. and Cormier, S.M., 2019.  Modeling spatial and temporal variation in natural background specific conductivity. Environmental Science and Technology. doi: <a href="https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=540abb1d015b4bd2b87d30f4c28a58cb&amp;view=table" style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b0677</a>7</span></li><li><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">Olson, J.R. and Cormier, S.M., 2019. Modeling spatial and temporal variation in natural background specific conductivity: Data sets and R-code. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.23719/1500945" style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;" target="_blank">https://doi.org/010.23719/1500945</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">Omernik, J. M.; Griffith, G. E., 2014. Ecoregions of the conterminous United States: evolution of a hierarchical spatial framework. Environmental. Management. 54 (6), 1249−1266. doi: <a style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); font-family:inherit;" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0364-1</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family:inherit;"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), 2016. STORET.  Available at: </span><a href="https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=540abb1d015b4bd2b87d30f4c28a58cb&amp;view=table" style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">https://www.epa.gov/storet/</span></a></span></li><li><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2016. National Water Information System. Available at: <a href="https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=540abb1d015b4bd2b87d30f4c28a58cb&amp;view=table" style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;" target="_blank">https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family:inherit;"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">Stoddard, J. L., Larsen, D. P., Hawkins, C. P., Johnson, R. K., Norris, R. H., 2006. Setting expectations for the ecological condition of streams: the concept of reference condition. Ecol. Appl. 2006, 16 (4), 1267−1276. doi: </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1267:SEFTEC]2.0.CO;2" style="color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:inherit; font-size:large;">https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1267:SEFTEC]2.0.CO;2</span></a></span></li></ul></div>

Copyright Text: Cormier, S. M., Wharton, C., and Olson, J.R.

Min. Scale: 0

Max. Scale: 0

Default Visibility: true

Max Record Count: 1000

Supported query Formats: JSON, geoJSON, PBF

Use Standardized Queries: True

Extent:

XMin: -124.669673817
YMin: 25.8680025890001
XMax: -67.2267187479999
YMax: 49.364557011
Spatial Reference: 104145 (104145)


Drawing Info:

{"renderer":{"type":"classBreaks","authoringInfo":{"type":"classedColor","colorRamp":{"type":"algorithmic","algorithm":"esriHSVAlgorithm","fromColor":[245,245,0,255],"toColor":[245,0,0,255]},"classificationMethod":"esriClassifyManual"},"field":"Residual2","classificationMethod":"esriClassifyManual","minValue":-556,"classBreakInfos":[{"symbol":{"type":"esriSMS","style":"esriSMSCircle","color":[255,255,8,255],"size":7,"angle":0,"xoffset":0,"yoffset":0,"outline":{"color":[104,104,104,255],"width":1}},"classMaxValue":-100,"label":"≤-100"},{"symbol":{"type":"esriSMS","style":"esriSMSCircle","color":[152,230,0,191],"size":8,"angle":0,"xoffset":0,"yoffset":0,"outline":{"color":[25,66,0,255],"width":1}},"classMaxValue":100,"label":"-100 – 100"},{"symbol":{"type":"esriSMS","style":"esriSMSCircle","color":[245,0,0,255],"size":8,"angle":0,"xoffset":0,"yoffset":0,"outline":{"color":[115,0,0,255],"width":1}},"classMaxValue":1000,"label":"> 100"}],"legendOptions":{"order":"ascendingValues"}},"scaleSymbols":true,"transparency":0,"labelingInfo":null}

HasZ: false

HasM: false

Has Attachments: false

Has Geometry Properties: false

HTML Popup Type: esriServerHTMLPopupTypeAsHTMLText

Object ID Field: OBJECTID

Unique ID Field:

Name : OBJECTID

IsSystemMaintained : True


Global ID Field: GlobalID

Type ID Field:

Fields:
• OBJECTID (type: esriFieldTypeOID, alias: OBJECTID, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, length: 0, nullable: false, editable: false)
• SampleID (type: esriFieldTypeString, alias: Sample ID, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, length: 8000, nullable: true, editable: true)
• COMID (type: esriFieldTypeInteger, alias: COMID, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• Observations (type: esriFieldTypeInteger, alias: Number of Observations, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• PredictedConductivity (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: Predicted Conductivity, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• ResidualConductivity (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: ResidualOld, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• StreamName (type: esriFieldTypeString, alias: Stream Name, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, length: 65, nullable: true, editable: true)
• Longitude (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: Longitude, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• Latitude (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: Latitude, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• Min_ (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: Min_, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• Max_ (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: Max_, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• All_ (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: All_, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• HC05 (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: HC05, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• lowerPL (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: lowerPL, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• CondAvg (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: CondAvg, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• LowPL (type: esriFieldTypeString, alias: Lower Prediction Limit, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, length: 50, nullable: true, editable: true)
• GlobalID (type: esriFieldTypeGlobalID, alias: GlobalID, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, length: 38, nullable: false, editable: false)
• AvgPredEC (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: AvgPredEC, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• COUNT_MonitoringLocationIdentif (type: esriFieldTypeInteger, alias: Conductivity Samples, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• MEAN_ConductivityMeasurement (type: esriFieldTypeDouble, alias: MEAN_ConductivityMeasurement, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)
• Residual2 (type: esriFieldTypeInteger, alias: Residual, SQL Type: sqlTypeOther, nullable: true, editable: true)

Templates:

Name: ≤-100
Description:
Drawing Tool: esriFeatureEditToolPoint
Prototype:

Attributes:

• Residual2: -328
Name: -100 – 100
Description:
Drawing Tool: esriFeatureEditToolPoint
Prototype:

Attributes:

• Residual2: 0
Name: > 100
Description:
Drawing Tool: esriFeatureEditToolPoint
Prototype:

Attributes:

• Residual2: 550

Is Data Versioned: false

Has Contingent Values: false

Supports Rollback On Failure Parameter: true

Last Edit Date: 3/11/2022 3:19:59 PM

Schema Last Edit Date: 3/11/2022 3:19:59 PM

Data Last Edit Date: 3/11/2022 3:19:59 PM